China Percussion

Overview

China Percussion — Sound Magic

Audible vibration that travels via pressure waves in matter Drum cadences performed by the United States Navy Band Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through an elastic material medium . In the context of physics , it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement ), whereas in physiological – psychological contexts it implies a hearing process. [ 1 ] Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to audio frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. More broadly, acoustic waves encompass mechanical longitudinal waves in general.

Examples of the significance and application of sound include music , medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science . According to the technical standard established by ANSI/ASA S1.1‑2013 , the American National Standard for Acoustical Terminology, sound is defined as: This two-part definition of sound states that sound can be taken as a wave motion in an elastic medium, making it also a stimulus , or as an excitation of the hearing mechanism that results in the perception of sound, making it a sensation .

While ANSI/ASA S1.1‑2013 provides the standard terminological definition of sound used in U.S. acoustics, and is one of the few major standards organisations to define the concept explicitly, [ 2 ] {{cite tech report |title=ISO 80000‑8:2020 Quantities and units – Acoustics |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |year=2020 |ref=ISO 80000‑8}} ISO 18405 defines underwater‑acoustics terminology, {{cite tech report |title=ISO 18405:2017 Underwater acoustics – Terminology |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |year=2017 |ref=ISO 18405}} IEC 60050‑801 defines sound in terms of particle motion in an elastic medium, {{cite tech report |title=IEC 60050‑801:1994 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Acoustics and electroacoustics |publisher=International Electrotechnical Commission |year=1994 |ref=IEC 60050‑801}} DIN 1320 defines terminology for acoustics and acoustical quantities, {{cite tech report |title=DIN 1320: Acoustics – Terminology |publisher=Deutsches Institut für Normung |year=2009 |ref=DIN 1320}} and the SI Brochure defines only "audible sound" as a frequency range. {{cite web |title=The International System of Units (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure |publisher=BIPM |access-date=2024-01-01 |ref=SI Brochure}} "}},"i":0}}]}'> [ b ] physics and engineering texts often instead define sound as a kind of propagating mechanical disturbance—i.e., a wave —rather than as a vibration.

Such sources typically describe sound as a perturbation in mechanical properties (e.g., pressure or particle motion) that travels through a medium and consists of medium variations (compressions and rarefactions), a formulation adopted for conceptual clarity and scientific precision. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Several authors note that defining sound as an "oscillation" can be interpreted in ways that obscure the essential role of propagation, and may contribute to conceptual conflation between oscillations and waves. {{cite journal |last=Wittmann |first=Michael C. |last2=Steinberg |first2=Richard N. |last3=Redish |first3=Edward F. |year=1999 |title=Making sense of how students make sense of mechanical waves |journal=American Journal of Physics |volume=67 |issue=7 |pages=S12–S21 |doi=10.1119/1.19083 |ref=Wittmann et al.}} nnAlthough sound waves are generated by mechanical vibrations (e.g., a loudspeaker diaphragm) and can induce vibrations in objects (e.g., a microphone diaphragm), the wave itself is the propagating disturbance in the medium, not the local vibration that produces or results from it.

Some authors emphasise this distinction to avoid misidentifying sound with the vibrations that cause or result from it. "}},"i":0}}]}'> [ c ] {{cite web |title=Oscillations |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/oscda.html |publisher=Georgia State University |access-date=2024-01-01 |ref=HyperPhysics – Oscillations}} even though sound waves may be non‑periodic, transient, or broadband, such as noise and short pulses. "}},"i":0}}]}'> [ d ] Acoustics is the interdisciplinary scientific study of mechanical waves , vibrations , sound, ultrasound , and infrasound in gaseous, liquid, or solid media.

A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is called an acoustician , while an individual specialising in acoustical engineering may be referred to as an acoustical engineer . [ 12 ] An audio engineer , by contrast, is concerned with the recording, manipulation, mixing, and reproduction of sound. Applications of acoustics are found in many areas of modern society. Subdisciplines include aeroacoustics , audio signal processing , architectural acoustics , bioacoustics , electroacoustics , environmental noise , musical acoustics , noise control , psychoacoustics , speech , ultrasound , underwater acoustics , and vibration . [ 13 ] Sound travels as a mechanical wave through a medium (e.g. water , crystals , air ).

Sound waves are generated by a sound source, such as a vibrating diaphragm of a loudspeaker. As the sound source vibrates the surrounding medium, mechanical disturbances propagate away from the source at the local speed of sound , thus resulting in a sound wave. At a fixed distance from the source, the pressure , velocity , and displacement of the medium's particles vary in time . At an instant in time, the pressure, velocity, and displacement vary spatially.

The particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave; instead, the disturbance and its mechanical energy propagate through the medium. [ e ] Though intuitively expectable for solids, this also applies for liquids and gases. [ f ] The matter that supports the transmission of a sound is named the transmission medium . Media may be any form of matter , whether solids, liquids, gases or plasmas . However, sound cannot propagate through a vacuum because there is no medium to support mechanical disturbances. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Key Features: – The viscosity of the medium. Medium viscosity determines the rate at which sound is attenuated. For many media, such as air or water, attenuation due to viscosity is negligible. Kinsler, L. E.; Frey, A.

R.; Coppens, A. B.; Sanders, J. V. (2000). ''Fundamentals of Acoustics'' (4th ed.).

Wiley. pp. 150–152. "}},"i":0}}]}'> [ g ] – Circular, longitudinal waves propagating from a source and causing particle vibration. – A longitudinal plane wave, the horizontally distorted region moving across the grid. – A transverse plane wave, the vertically distorted region moving across the grid. – Frequency , or its inverse, period. – Wavelength , or its inverse, wavenumber . – Amplitude , sound pressure or Intensity – Pressure‑versus‑time waveform of a 20‑millisecond clarinet tone. – Sinusoidal waveforms with wavelengths increasing upwards, representing pure frequency components used in Fourier analysis . – Musical instrument – Sound reproduction – Acoustic impedance – Acoustic velocity – Characteristic impedance – Particle acceleration Select a category Audio Effects (27) Dynamics (9) Effects Bundle (6) EQ/Harmonic (7) Multi-Effects (9) Reverb/Delay/Space (3) Legacy (9) Virtual Instruments (69) Brass (3) Bundle (10) Drum/Percussion (9) Ethnic Instrument (20) Guitar/Bass (14) Orchestra/String